Step 5: Communication

Objective :

Communication with a specialist centre, the patient and parents is important

Because of your concerns, you call the radiologist to review the X-ray. He tells you this looks like an osteosarcoma.

What do you do now?

Send the patient to the Emergency Room

Tip 1

No. While this gets the patient in hospital, it is not the most efficient way to have them seen by a specialist. This tumour is urgent, but not an emergency.

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Refer for an image guided biopsy

Tip 1

No. Biopsy must be done in consultation with the treating surgeon as these tumours are very transplantable. Improper biopsy can severely compromise future treatment and result in amputation being necessary.

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Urgently refer to a multidisciplinary sarcoma centre

Tip 1

Yes. The best outcomes for these complex tumours are achieved when they are managed by the appropriate subspecialists in a multidisciplinary setting.

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Order an MRI and CT Chest and wait for the results before referring

Tip 1

No. While these investigations are important, valuable time can be lost waiting for the results. They can be done promptly at the multidisciplinary centre once the patient has been seen by the orthopaedic oncology surgeon and the diagnosis confirmed.

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The mother asks you to tell her more about her son's possible diagnosis:

You should take time to acknowledge the parents’ concerns and anxiety, and show a caring attitude in this difficult time for them. It is important to reassure them that they will be seen quickly by the appropriate specialists.

Survival rates

Tip 1

With modern treatment, non-metastatic osteosarcomas have a survival rate of about 70%. However, if a patient is found to have metastatic osteosarcoma at presentation, the survival rate is only 20% at 5 years.

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Chemotherapy

Tip 1

The use of chemotherapy improves survival rates from 20% to 70%, and is an essential component of treatment. It will be tough for him, but there will be a lot of support.

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Radiation Therapy

Tip 1

Radiation Therapy is not often used for osteosarcomas except in very unusual circumstances.

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Surgery

Tip 1

Surgical resection with wide margins is essential to achieve a cure. Modern techniques have led to greatly increased rate of successful limb salvage rather than amputations. The surgery should be performed by someone with the appropriate training and who does this kind of surgery on a regular basis.

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Next Step More Info

These are uncommon tumours. Don't be afraid to refresh your knowledge before speaking to a patient and their family (perhaps by coming back to this website!) If they ask you something you aren’t sure about it’s better to say so than give false information. Mostly what they will need from you is support and general medical care.